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Tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea puisano ea mehala ea thelefono e lebisitse ho nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji e se nang mohala (G), e ka bang le litlamorao tse fapaneng lits'ebetsong tsa baeloji. Ho leka sena, re ile ra pepesa likhoto ho pepesehela hlooho e le 'ngoe ho 4G nako e telele evolution (LTE) -1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) bakeng sa lihora tse 2 ka mor'a moo ho ile ha fokotseha. neuroinflammation on microglia spatial coverage and electrophysiological neuronal activity in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) .Karolelano ea SAR ho ACx ke 0.5 W/kg. Lirekoto tsa li-Multi-unit li bontša hore LTE-EMF e etsa hore ho be le phokotso ea matla a karabelo ho melumo e hloekileng le mantsoe a tlhaho, ha a ntse a fokotseha le ho eketseha ha molumo oa bohareng. maqhubu.Iba1 immunohistochemistry ha e bontše liphetoho sebakeng se koahetsoeng ke 'mele ea microglial le mekhoa.Likhotong tse phetseng hantle, ho pepeseha ha LTE ho tšoanang ha hoa ka ha etsa hore ho be le liphetoho ho matla a ho arabela le li-acoustic threshold.
Tikoloho ea motlakase ea batho e fetohile haholo lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng ka lebaka la keketseho e tsoelang pele ea likhokahano tse se nang mohala.Hajoale, batho ba fetang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea baahi ba nkoa e le basebelisi ba mehala ea cellular (MP) puisano.Taba ena ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba e susumelitse liphuputso tse ngata tse etselitsoeng ho batlisisa liphello tsa ho monya ha radiofrequency liseleng tsa baeloji1. Tse ling tsa liphuputso tsena li batlile liphetoho tšebetsong ea netweke ea methapo ea kutlo le mekhoa ea kelello, ka lebaka la ho ba haufi ha boko ho mehloli ea RF tlas'a ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea MP.Lithuto tse ngata tse tlalehiloeng tse sebelisitsoeng tsamaisong ea bobeli ea mobile pulse modu G. (GSM) kapa wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)/molokong oa boraro universal mobile telecommunications systems (WCDMA/3G UMTS)2 ,3,4,5.Little e tsejoa ka liphello tsa maqhubu a seea-le-moea matšoao a sebelisoang molokong oa bone (4G) mobile services, tse itšetlehileng ka all-digital Internet Protocol technology called Long Term Evolution.LTE18 ho fihlela ba ngolisitseng LTE ba limilione tse likete tse 6.6 ka Pherekhong 2022 (GSMA: //gsacom.com).Ha e bapisoa le litsamaiso tsa GSM (2G) le WCDMA (3G) tse ipapisitseng le merero ea ho feto-fetoha ha motho a le mong, LTE e sebelisa Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) e le sebopeho sa matšoao a mantlha6.Lefatšeng lohle, LTE e sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea litšebeletso tsa mobile tsa 300 lefatšeng ka bophara. MHz, ho kenyelletsa le lihlopha tsa 900 le 1800 MHz tse sebelisoang hape ho GSM.
Bokhoni ba ho pepeseha ha RF ho ama lits'ebetso tsa likokoana-hloko bo itšetlehile haholo ka sekhahla se khethehileng sa ho monya (SAR) se hlahisoang ka W / kg, se lekanyang matla a kenngoa liseleng tsa likokoana-hloko. ho feto-fetoha ha maqhubu le ho fetoha ha khokahanyo ea intra-kapa lipakeng tsa libaka, ha maemo a SAR a tlhōrō ea sebaka se ka holimo ho 10 g ea lisele ho hakanngoa hore a fapane pakeng tsa 0.42 le 1.52 W / kg, ho ea ka lihlooho tsa 7, 8, 9.EEG tlas'a maemo a ts'oanang a ts'oaetso (30 min nako ea nako, lik'hilograma tse hakantsoeng tsa moemeli oa hlooho ea 34) matla a spectral le ho lumellana ha hemispheric ho lihlopha tsa alpha le beta. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling tse peli tse thehiloeng ho EEG tlhahlobo li fumane hore metsotso ea 20 kapa 30 ea ho pepeseha ha hlooho ea LTE, e nang le litekanyetso tse ngata tsa sebaka sa SAR tse behiloeng ho pota 2 W / kg, e ka 'na ea se ke ea e-ba le phello e lemohuoang11 kapa ea fella ka matla a spectral ho sehlopha sa alpha se fokotsehile, ha ts'ebetso ea St2rop e sa fetohe. .Phapang e kholo e ile ea boela ea fumanoa liphellong tsa EEG kapa lithuto tsa kelello tse shebaneng ka ho khetheha le liphello tsa GSM kapa UMTS EMF exposure.Ho nahanoa hore e hlaha ho tloha ho mefuta e fapaneng ea moralo oa mekhoa le litekanyetso tsa liteko, ho kenyelletsa le mofuta oa pontšo le modulation, matla a ho pepeseha le nako, kapa ho tloha ho heterogeneity litabeng tsa batho mabapi le lilemo, kapa tekano.
Ho fihlela joale, liphuputso tse fokolang tsa liphoofolo li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho fumana hore na ho pepeseha ha LTE ho ama ts'ebetso ea boko.Ho sa tsoa tlalehoa hore ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea litoeba tse ntseng li hōla ho tloha qetellong ea embryonic ho ea ho khoesoa (30 min / letsatsi, matsatsi a 5 / beke, ka SAR ea 'mele oohle oa 0.5 kapa 1 W / kg) e ile ea fella ka ho fetoloa ha motlakase le takatso ea lijo ea motho e moholo. letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tsa 6) ho likhoto tsa batho ba baholo ho ile ha fumanoa ho baka khatello ea oxidative le ho fokotsa boholo ba menyetla e hlahisitsoeng ke pono e fumanoang ho tloha methapong ea optic, ka SAR e phahameng e hakanngoa hore e ka tlaase ho 10 mW / kg15.
Ntle le tlhahlobo ea likala tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa maemo a lisele le limolek'hule, mefuta ea litoeba e ka sebelisoa ho ithuta litlamorao tsa ho pepeseha ha RF nakong ea lefu, joalo ka ha ho ne ho tsepamisitsoe pele ho GSM kapa WCDMA/3G UMTS EMF maemong a neuroinflammation e matla. Liphuputso li bontšitse liphello tsa ho tsieleha, mafu a neurodegenerative kapa gliomas 16,17,18,19,20.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - litoeba tse entsoeng ka litoeba ke mohlala oa khale oa preclinical oa likarabo tse matla tsa neuroinflammatory tse amanang le mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kotsi a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko kapa libaktheria tse amang bongata ba batho selemo le selemo.Seemo sena sa ho ruruha se lebisa ho lefu le fetohang le ho tepella maikutlong ha boitšoaro bo khetholloang ke feberu, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso e joalo ea bohlokoa ea CNS ea phagosident ea CNS ea bohlokoa. Kalafo ea litoeba tse nang le LPS e baka ts'ebetso ea microglia e khetholloang ka ho lokisoa ha sebopeho sa bona le lits'ebetso tsa cellular le liphetoho tse tebileng ho profil ea transcriptome, ho kenyelletsa le ho ntlafatsoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kenyelletsang li-cytokine tsa pro-inflammatory kapa li-enzyme, tse amang marang-rang a neuronal Activities 22, 23, 24.
Ha re ithuta liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha hlooho ea lihora tsa 2 ho GSM-1800 MHz EMF ho likhoto tse tšoaroang ke LPS, re fumane hore pontšo ea GSM e baka likarabo tsa cellular ka har'a cerebral cortex, e amang liphatsa tsa lefutso, phosphorylation ea glutamate receptor, neuronal Meta-evoked firing le inmorphebral morphology e ne e se microreglia cortex. e fumanoe ka likhoto tse phetseng hantle tse fumaneng ts'oaetso e tšoanang ea GSM, e fana ka maikutlo a hore LPS-triggered neuroinflammatory state sensitize CNS cells ho GSM signing.Ho tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a cortex ea ho utloa (ACx) ea likhoto tse tšoaroang ke LPS, moo SAR ea sebaka seo e neng e lekana le 1.55 W / kg, re hlokometse hore GSM exposure ea GSM e ile ea etsa hore ho be le nako e telele ea ho arabela kapa ho fokotseha ha lekala la microglial le ho fokotseha ha lik'hemik'hale. hlahiswa ke medumo e hlwekileng le .Tlhaho ya Tlhaho 28.
Phuputsong ea morao-rao, re ne re ikemiselitse ho hlahloba hore na ho pepeseha ha hlooho feela ho matšoao a LTE-1800 MHz ho ka boela ha fetola microglial morphology le neuronal mosebetsi oa ACx, ho fokotsa matla a ho pepeseha ka likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo. 0.5 W/kg.
Ha re fuoa bopaki bo fetileng ba hore ho pepesetsoa GSM-1800 MHz ho fetotse microglial morphology tlas'a maemo a pro-inflammatory, re ile ra batlisisa phello ena ka mor'a ho pepesehela pontšo ea LTE.
Litoeba tsa batho ba baholo li ne li kenngoa ka LPS lihora tsa 24 pele ho ts'oaroa ha sham ea hlooho feela kapa ho pepeseha LTE-1800 MHz. Ka mor'a ho pepeseha, likarabo tsa LPS-triggered neuroinflammatory li ile tsa thehoa ka har'a cerebral cortex, joalokaha ho bontšoa ka ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa proinflammatory le liphetoho ho cortical microglia morphology (karolelano ea SAR e ile ea fumana hlooho ea SAR ho morphology). boemo ba 0.5 W / kg ho ACx (Setšoantšo sa 2) .Ho fumana hore na LPS-activated microglia e ne e arabela LTE EMF, re ile ra hlahloba likarolo tsa cortical tse silafalitsoeng ka anti-Iba1 tse khethollang lisele tsena. "dense-like" cell morphology e hlahisitsoeng ke LPS pro-inflammatory treatment (Figure 1) .Ho lumellana le ho ba sieo ha likarabo tsa morphological, tlhahlobo ea setšoantšo sa palo e ile ea senola hore ha ho na phapang e khōlō sebakeng sa kakaretso (teko e sa lekanyetsoang ea t, p = 0.308) kapa sebaka (p = 0.196) le boima ba 'mele (p = 1 = immunoposure 0ba0. Lisele tse nang le lisele tse 1 ho likhoto tsa LTE khahlanong le liphoofolo tse pepesitsoeng sham (Setšoantšo sa 3b-d).
Liphello tsa ente ea LPS ip ho cortical microglia morphology. Pono ea moemeli oa microglia karolong ea coronal ea cerebral cortex (dorsomedial region) lihora tse 24 ka mor'a ente ea intraperitoneal ea LPS kapa koloi (taolo) . e eketsehile makala a makhutšoane a mahareng a lits'ebetso tsa cellular, e leng se hlahisang ponahalo e "tenya-tšoana".Scale bar: 20 µm.
Tlhahlobo ea dosimetric ea sekhahla se khethehileng sa ho monya (SAR) bokong ba rat nakong ea ho pepesetsoa 1800 MHz LTE. A pele e neng e hlalosoa e fapaneng ea mohlala oa phantom rat le loop antenna62 e sebelisitsoe ho lekola SAR ea lehae bokong, ka 0.5 mm3 cubic grid. letlapa (bosehla) ka tlase ho 'mele.(b) Kabo ea boleng ba SAR bokong ba motho e moholo ho 0.5 mm3 sebaka sa tharollo ea sebaka. Sebaka se arotsoeng ke setšoantšo se setšo karolong ea sagittal se lumellana le cortex ea mantlha ea kutlo moo ho hlahlojoang tšebetso ea microglial le neuronal.
Microglia e kentsoeng ka LPS ka har'a cortex ea rat e utloang ka morao ho LTE kapa Sham.(a) Pono ea moemeli ea stacked microglia e silafalitsoeng ka anti-Iba1 antibody likarolong tsa coronal tsa LPS-perfused rat auditory cortex lihora tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4 ka mor'a ho pepeseha ha Sham kapa LTE (exposure :20bdµ exposure). tlhahlobo ea microglia 3 ho lihora tsa 4 ka mor'a hore sham (matheba a bulehileng) kapa ho pepeseha ha LTE (ho pepesitsoe, matheba a matšo) .(b, c) Tšireletso ea sebaka (b) ea microglia marker Iba1 le libaka tsa Iba1-positive cell body (c) .Data emela anti-Iba1 staining area normalized to the mean of Sham-exposed microphos 'mele.Phapang pakeng tsa Sham (n = 5) le LTE (n = 6) liphoofolo e ne e se ea bohlokoa (p> 0.05, tlhahlobo ea t-test e sa sebetseng).Bokaholimo le tlase ho lebokose, mela e ka holimo le e ka tlase e emela karolo ea 25-75 le karolo ea 5-95 ka ho latellana.Boleng bo boleloang bo tšoailoe ka lebokoseng le khubelu.
Letlapa la 1 le akaretsa palo ea liphoofolo le lirekoto tsa lihlopha tse ngata tse fumanoang karolong e ka sehloohong ea li-autory tsa lihlopha tse 'nè tsa likhoto (Sham, Exposed, Sham-LPS, Exposed-LPS) . 1).Ha re sebelisa mokhoa ona, re khethile lirekoto tse 266 bakeng sa sehlopha sa Sham, lirekoto tse 273 tsa sehlopha se pepesitsoeng, lirekoto tse 299 tsa sehlopha sa Sham-LPS, le lirekoto tse 295 tsa sehlopha sa Exposed-LPS.
Lirapeng tse latelang, re tla qala ho hlalosa mekhahlelo e ntšitsoeng tšimong ea ho amohela spectral-temporal (ke hore, karabelo ho melumo e hloekileng) le karabelo ea mantsoe a khethehileng a xenogeneic. Ka nako eo re tla hlalosa quantification ea sebaka sa karabo ea maqhubu a fumanoang bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng. array (mola oa ho qetela ho Lethathamo la 1), empa liphello tsohle tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase li ne li boetse li itšetlehile ka palo ea maemo sehlopheng ka seng. Kakaretso ea lirekoto tsa li-multiunit tse bokeletsoeng (mola oa boraro ho Letlapa la 1).
Setšoantšo sa 4a se bontša mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho fana ka makhetlo a mangata (BF, ho etsa hore ho be le karabelo e kholo ho 75 dB SPL) ea li-neurons tsa cortical tse fumanoang ho Sham e tšoaroang ke LPS le liphoofolo tse pepesehileng. e ka etsoa ntle le leeme la sampole.
Litlamorao tsa ho pepeseha ha LTE ho litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa likarabelo tsa cortical liphoofolong tse tšoaroang ke LPS.(a) Kabo ea BF ho cortical neurons ea liphoofolo tse tšoaroang ke LPS tse pepesehileng LTE (e ntšo) le sham e pepesehileng ho LTE (tšoeu). (STRF) .Matla a karabelo a fokotsehile haholo (* p <0.05, tlhahlobo ea t-test e sa sebetseng) ho pholletsa le STRF (kakaretso ea matla a karabo) le maqhubu a nepahetseng (b, c) . Nako ea karabo, bandwidth ea karabo, le bandwidth constant (df) .Ka bobeli matla le botšepehi ba nakoana ba likarabo ho mantsoe a lentsoe a fokotsehile haholo (g, mosebetsi oa S o fokotsehile). 0.05, unpaired t-test).(j,k) Liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha LTE menyakong ea cortical.Mereko e tloaelehileng e ne e phahame haholo ho likhoto tse pepesehileng LTE ha li bapisoa le likhoto tse pepesitsoeng sham.Phello ena e bonahala haholoanyane ka maqhubu a tlaase le a bohareng.
Litšoantšo tsa 4b-f li bonts'a ho ajoa ha litekanyetso tse nkiloeng ho STRF bakeng sa liphoofolo tsena (ho boleloa ka mela e khubelu) Liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha LTE ho liphoofolo tse tšoaroang ke LPS li ile tsa bonahala li bontša ho fokotseha ha neuronal excitability.Pele, ka kakaretso matla a karabo le likarabo li ne li le tlaase haholo ho BF ha li bapisoa le liphoofolo tsa Sham-LPS (Fig. 4b, p0 p t-0; =. Liphoofolo tse tšoaroang ke LPS (setšoantšo sa 4d-f), se bontšang hore khetho ea makhetlo a mangata le ho nepahala ha likarabo tsa ho qala ha lia ka tsa ameha ke ho pepeseha ha LTE ho liphoofolo tse tšoaroang ke LPS.
Ka mor'a moo re ile ra hlahloba hore na menyako e hloekileng ea cortical thresholds e fetotsoe ke LTE exposure.Ho tloha sebakeng sa karabelo ea maqhubu (FRA) e fumanoang ho tsoa ho rekoto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, re ile ra etsa qeto ea hore na ho na le litebello tse utloahalang bakeng sa maqhubu a mang le a mang 'me ra lekanya menyako ena bakeng sa lihlopha tse peli tsa liphoofolo. menyako ea kutlo ea lihlopha tsa Sham le tse pepesitsoeng li bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea menyako ea liphoofolo tse pepeneneng ha li bapisoa le liphoofolo tsa Sham (setšoantšo sa 4j), phello e neng e bonahala haholoanyane ka maqhubu a tlaase le a bohareng. e fokotsehile (chi-square = 43.85; p <0.0001; Setšoantšo sa 4k, Setšoantšo se letšehali). Phello e tšoanang e ile ea bonoa bohareng ba maqhubu (2.25
Liphello tsa tlhahiso ea LTE holim'a likarolo tse lekantsoeng tsa likarabo tsa cortical liphoofolong tse phetseng hantle.(a) Kabo ea BF ho li-cortical neurons tsa liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle tse pepesehileng ho LTE (blue blue) le sham-exposed LTE (light blue). matla a karabelo ho pholletsa le STRF le maqhubu a nepahetseng (b, c) .Ho na le keketseho e fokolang ea nako ea karabo (d), empa ha ho na phetoho ea bandwidth ea karabo le bandwidth (e, f) . Leha e le matla kapa botšepehi ba nakoana ba likarabo tsa mantsoe a feto-fetohang (g, h) Ho ne ho se na phetoho e kholo mosebetsing oa nakoana (ed) . Liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha LTE holim'a li-cortical thresholds. Ka karolelano, menyako ha ea ka ea fetoloa haholo ho likhoto tse pepesehileng LTE ha li bapisoa le likhoto tse pepesitsoeng ke Sham, empa menyako e phahameng ea maqhubu e ne e le tlaase hanyenyane ho liphoofolo tse pepesehileng.
Litšoantšo tsa 5b-f li bonts'a li-boxplots tse emelang kabo le ho bolela (mohala o mofubelu) oa litekanyetso tse nkiloeng ho lihlopha tse peli tsa STRF.Liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle, ho pepeseha ha LTE ka boeona ho ne ho e-na le phello e fokolang ho boleng bo bolelang ba li-parameters tsa STRF.Ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa Sham (mabokose a khanyang le a lefifi a buluu bakeng sa sehlopha se pepesehileng), ho pepeseha ha LTE ha hoa ka ha fetola leha e le efe karabo kapa karabo ea F5b; t-test e sa sebetseng, p = 0.2176, le p = 0.8696 ka ho latellana). Hape ho ne ho se na phello ho spectral bandwidth le latency (p = 0.6764 le p = 0.7129, ka ho latellana), empa ho ne ho e-na le keketseho e kholo ea nako ea karabo (p = 0.047) . 0.4375), ho tšepahala ha liteko tsa lipakeng tsa likarabo tsena (setšoantšo sa 5h, p = 0.3412), le ts'ebetso e ikemetseng (setšoantšo sa 5) .5i; p = 0.3256).
Setšoantšo sa 5j se bonts'a litekanyo tse bolelang (± sem) ho tloha ho 1.1 ho ea ho 36 kHz ho likhoto tse phetseng hantle. E ne e sa bontše phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa sham le likhoto tse pepesehileng, ntle le moeli o fokolang o fokolang oa liphoofolo tse pepesehileng ka maqhubu a phahameng (11-36 kHz) (teko e sa lekanyetsoang ea t, p = 3) hore liphoofolo tsena li bonts'a mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse pepeneneng. (chi-square = 18.312, p = 0.001; Setšoantšo sa 5k), ho ne ho e-na le li-neurone tse ling tse nyenyane tse nang le menyako e tlaase le e bohareng (ha ho ntse ho e-na le menyako e phahameng) li-neurone tse fokolang).
Qetellong, ha liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle li ne li pepesehetse LTE, ho ne ho se na phello ea matla a ho arabela ho lithane tse hloekileng le melumo e rarahaneng e kang ho vocalizations.Ho feta moo, liphoofolong tse phetseng hantle, li-cortical auditory thresholds li ne li tšoana pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse pepesehileng le tsa sham, athe liphoofolong tse tšoaroang ke LPS, ho pepeseha ha LTE ho ile ha fella ka keketseho e kholo ea li-cortical threquency le li-mid-haholo-holo tse fokolang.
Boithuto ba rona bo bonts'itse hore ho likhoto tse tona tse tona tse nang le neuroinflammation e matla, ho pepesehela LTE-1800 MHz ka SARACx ea lehae ea 0.5 W / kg (bona Method) e bakile phokotso e kholo ea likarabo tse hlahisoang ke molumo lirekotong tsa mantlha tsa puisano. LTE mabapi le matla a likarabo tse hlahisitsoeng ke cortical ha lia ka tsa hlokomeloa ka likhoto tse phetseng hantle. Ha ho nahanoa ka ho tšoana ha kabo e nepahetseng ea makhetlo a mangata pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa ho rekota ho LTE e pepesitsoeng le liphoofolo tse hlabositsoeng ka sham, liphapang tsa reactivity ea neuronal li ka bakoa ke liphello tsa likokoana-hloko tsa matšoao a LTE ho e-na le ho ba le mehlala ea mohlala (Fig. 4a ho feta ka morao ho ts'oaroa ha bandwidth le liphetoho tsa morao-rao). Likhoto tse pepesitsoeng ke LTE li fana ka maikutlo a hore, ho ka etsahala hore ebe lirekoto tsena li entsoe sampuli ho tloha likarolong tse tšoanang tsa cortical, tse leng sebakeng sa mantlha sa ACx ho e-na le libaka tsa bobeli.
Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, phello ea pontšo ea LTE ho likarabo tsa neuronal ha e e-s'o tlalehoe pele.Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse fetileng li ngotse bokhoni ba GSM-1800 MHz kapa 1800 MHz continuous wave (CW) ho fetola excitability ea neuronal, le hoja ho na le phapang e kholo ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa liteko.Nakoana ka mor'a ho pepesehela SAR 1800 2MHz WK8 level level. snail ganglia e bontšitse ho fokotseha ha menyako bakeng sa ho tsosa menyetla ea liketso le ho feto-fetoha ha methapo ea kutlo. ea ho pepeseha.Ho khutsisa ka ho feletseng ha methapo ea kutlo ho ile ha finyelloa ho SAR ea 9.2 W/kg. Tlhahlobo ea karabelo ea lethal dose e bontšitse hore GSM-1800 MHz e ne e sebetsa hantle ho feta 1800 MHz CW ho hatella mosebetsi oa ho phatloha, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore likarabo tsa neuronal li itšetlehile ka ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa RF.
Sebakeng sa rona, likarabo tsa cortical evoked li ile tsa bokelloa ka vivo 3 ho lihora tsa 6 ka mor'a hore ho pepeseha ha hlooho ea hlooho ea 2 hora feela ho felile. Phuputsong e fetileng, re ile ra batlisisa phello ea GSM-1800 MHz ho SARACx ea 1.55 W / kg 'me ha rea ka ra fumana phello e kholo ho likarabo tsa cortical tse hlahisitsoeng ke molumo ho li-rats tse phetseng hantle ho hlahisa liphello tse ntle feela. LTE-1800 ho 0.5 W / kg SARACx e ne e le keketseho e fokolang ea nako ea karabelo holim'a tlhahiso ea lithane tse hloekileng.Phello ena e thata ho hlalosa hobane ha e tsamaee le ho eketseha ha matla a karabo, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore nako ena e telele ea karabo e etsahala ka palo e lekanang ea liketso tse ka sebelisoang ke li-cortical neurons. e ngoliloe hore ho thibelo ea mantlha ea ACx feedforward e laola nako ea likarabelo tsa lisele tsa pyramidal tse hlahisoang ke kenyelletso ea thalamic33,34, 35, 36, 37.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likhoto tse tlas'a LPS-triggered neuroinflammation, LTE pepeneneng e ne e se na phello nakong ea ho thunngoa ha molumo oa methapo ea kutlo, empa liphello tse kholo li ile tsa fumanoa ka matla a likarabo tse hlahisitsoeng. e hlokometse ka bobeli ha e hlahisa melumo e hloekileng le mantsoe a tlhaho .Ho fokotseha ha matla a karabelo ho lithane tse hloekileng ho etsahetse ntle le ho fokotseha ha spectral tuning bandwidth ea 75 dB, 'me kaha e etsahetse ka matla ohle a molumo, e ile ea fella ka keketseho ea menyako ea acoustic ea cortical neurons ka maqhubu a tlaase le a bohareng.
Phokotso ea matla a karabelo e hlahisitsoeng e bontšitse hore phello ea pontšo ea LTE ho SARACx ea 0.5 W / kg ho liphoofolo tse tšoaroang ke LPS e ne e tšoana le ea GSM-1800 MHz e sebelisitsoeng ka makhetlo a mararo a phahameng a SARACx (1.55 W / kg) 28 .Ha e le bakeng sa pontšo ea GSM, ho pepeseha ha hlooho ho LTE-1800 ho fokotsa li-neurorats tsa 1800 MHz toACcita neurons Tumellanong le khopolo-taba ena, re ile ra boela ra bona mokhoa o lebisang ho fokotseng ho tšepahala ha liteko tsa likarabo tsa neuronal ho vocalization (setšoantšo sa 4h) le ho fokotseha ha mosebetsi oa boipheliso (Fig. 4i) .
Ntlha ea pele, likarabo tsena tse fokolang li ka 'na tsa e-ba ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha lisele tsa cortical ka mor'a ho pepesehela LTE 1800 MHz.Ho tšehetsa khopolo ena, GSM-1800 MHz le 1800 MHz-CW e fokotsitse ts'ebetso ea ho phatloha ha e sebelisoa ka ho toba litloaelong tsa mantlha tsa cortical rat neurons tse nang le SAR maemo a 3.4 kg / kg / kg, 6 W / hres Boemo ba SAR bo ne bo hlokoa ho fokotsa haholo ts'ebetso ea ho phatloha.Ho buella ho fokotseha ha thabo ea ka hare, re boetse re hlokometse litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa ho thunya ho sa tloaelehang liphoofolong tse pepesehileng ho feta liphoofolong tse pepesehileng sham.
Ea bobeli, ho pepeseha ha LTE ho ka boela ha ama phetisetso ea synaptic ho tloha thalamo-cortical kapa cortical-cortical synapses.Litlaleho tse ngata hona joale li bontša hore, ka har'a cortex ea kutlo, bophara ba spectral tuning ha bo khethoe feela ke li-afferent thalamic projections, empa hore li-intracortical connections li fana ka tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea spectral ho corstical nete ea 409 e bonts'a liteko tsa rona tsa corstical. bandwidths liphoofolong tse pepeneneng le tse pepesitsoeng sham ka tsela e sa tobang hore liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha LTE e ne e se liphello ho khokahanyo ea cortical-cortical.Sena se boetse se fana ka maikutlo a hore khokahanyo e phahameng libakeng tse ling tsa cortical tse pepesehileng ho SAR ho feta tekanyo ea ACx (Setšoantšo sa 2) e ka 'na ea se ke ea ikarabella bakeng sa likarabo tse fetotsoeng tse tlalehiloeng mona.
Mona, karolo e kholo ea lirekoto tsa cortical tse hlahisitsoeng ke LPS li bontšitse menyetla e phahameng ha e bapisoa le liphoofolo tse pepesitsoeng LPS-sham. Kaha ho 'nile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea hore cortical acoustic threshold e laoloa haholo-holo ke matla a thalamo-cortical synapse39,40, ho ka belaelloa hore thalamo-cortical synapse39,40, e ka belaelloa hore thalamo-cortical transmission e fokotsehile ka tsela e itseng. glutamate release) kapa boemo ba postsynaptic (nomoro e fokotsehileng ea receptor kapa kamano).
Ho tšoana le liphello tsa GSM-1800 MHz, LTE-induced altered neuronal responses etsahetse moelelong oa LPS-triggered neuroinflammation, e khetholloang ke likarabo tsa microglial.Bopaki ba hona joale bo bontša hore microglia e na le tšusumetso e matla mosebetsing oa marang-rang a neuronal bokong bo tloaelehileng le ba pathological41,42,43. Ka har'a cerebral cortex, ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha le e fokotsehileng ea marang-rang a neuronal e baka katoloso e potlakileng ea sebaka sa microglial ka lebaka la kholo ea lits'ebetso tsa microglial44,45. Haholo-holo, li-microglial protrusions li hiriloe haufi le ts'ebetso ea thalamocortical ka har'a li-synapsi tsa thalamocortical ka har'a li-synapsi tsa synapses le li-synaps tlhahiso ea adenosine ea lehae ea microglia-mediated.
Likhotong tse tšoaroang ke LPS tse rometsoeng ho GSM-1800 MHz le SARACx ho 1.55 W / kg, ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea ACx neurons e etsahetse ka kholo ea mekhoa ea microglial e tšoauoang ke libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa Iba1 ho ACx28 Keketseho. Likarabo tsa neuronal.Thuto ea rona ea morao-rao e hanyetsa khopolo-taba ena tabeng ea ho pepeseha ha hlooho ea LTE le SARACx e lekanyelitsoeng ho 0.5 W / kg, kaha ha rea ka ra fumana keketseho ea sebaka sa sebaka se koahetsoeng ke mekhoa ea microglial. neuroinflammation e fetola likarabo tsa neuronal ho pontšo ea LTE.
Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, phello ea lipontšo tsa LTE mabapi le ts'ebetso ea kutlo ha e e-s'o ithutoe pele.Lithuto tsa rona tse fetileng tsa 26,28 le thuto ea morao-rao e bontšitse hore boemong ba ho ruruha ho matla, ho pepeseha ha hlooho feela ho GSM-1800 MHz kapa LTE-1800 MHz ho ile ha fella ka liphetoho tse sebetsang ka likarabo tsa neuronal ho ACx, joalokaha ho bontšoa ke ho eketseha ha likarolo tse peli tsa ho utloa, ha hoa lokela ho ameha bonyane ka mabaka a mabeli. ka tlhahiso ea rona ea LTE.Pele, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe thutong ea dosimetry e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 2, litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa SAR (haufi le 1 W / kg) li fumaneha ka har'a dorsomedial cortex (ka tlaase ho antenna), 'me li fokotseha haholo ha motho a tsamaea ka thōko le ka thōko.Karolo ea ventral ea hlooho. ear canal) . ea bobeli, ha litsebe tsa likolobe li ne li pepesehile bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 2 ho GSM 900 MHz (matsatsi a 5 / beke, 1 hora / letsatsi, SAR pakeng tsa 1 le 4 W / kg), ha hoa ka ha e-ba le liphetoho tse hlokomelehang ka boholo ba sehlahisoa se sothehileng otoacoustic Thresholds for Emission and Auditory Expomore 47 Responseur Brainstem, Responseur Head47 900 kapa 1800 MHz sebakeng sa SAR ea 2 W/kg ha ea ka ea ama ts'ebetso ea sele ea ka ntle ea moriri oa cochlear ka likhoto tse phetseng hantle48,49. Liphetho tsena li lumellana le data e fumanoeng ho batho, moo lipatlisiso li bonts'itseng hore metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 30 ho pepesehela EMF ho tsoa ho liselefouno tsa GSM ha ho na phello e ts'oanang ho ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea boko, ho ts'oaroa ha boko. boemo 53,54 .
Thutong ea rona, LTE-triggered neuronal firing changes was seen in vivo 3 ho lihora tsa 6 ka mor'a hore ho pepeseha ho felile. Phuputsong e fetileng ka karolo ea dorsomedial ea cortex, liphello tse 'maloa tse hlahisitsoeng ke GSM-1800 MHz tse hlokometsoeng ka lihora tsa 24 ka mor'a ho pepeseha li ne li se li sa fumanehe ka lihora tsa 72 ka mor'a ho pepeseha. phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le ka morao ho phetolelo ea li-receptor tsa AMPA. Ho nahanoa hore cortex ea kutlo e na le boleng bo tlase ba SAR (0.5W/kg) ho feta sebaka sa dorsomedial (2.94W/kg26), liphetoho tsa tšebetso ea neuronal tse tlalehiloeng mona li bonahala e le tsa nakoana.
Lintlha tsa rona li lokela ho ela hloko meeli e tšoanelehang ea SAR le likhakanyo tsa boleng ba 'nete ba SAR bo fihlelletsoeng bokong ba boko ba basebelisi ba mehala ea thekeng.Maemo a hajoale a sebelisoang ho sireletsa sechaba se behile moeli oa SAR ho 2 W/kg bakeng sa ho pepesehela hlooho kapa torso maqhubu a seea-le-moea ho 100 GHz le 100 GHz le RF.
Papiso ea lethal dose e entsoe ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea hlooho ea motho ho fumana hore na matla a RF a monyeha lithong tse fapaneng tsa hlooho nakong ea puisano ea hlooho kapa ka mehala. ho latela lilemo, bong, kapa motho ka mong maqhubu a 1800 MHz range58, 59, 60, ho bonahala eka maemo a SAR a fihletsoeng ka har'a cortex ea batho ba ntseng ba utloa a ntse a sa sebelisoe halofo ea cerebral cortex ea motho. Thuto ea rona (SARACx 0.5 W / kg).
Qetellong, thuto ea rona e bontša hore ho pepeseha ha hlooho e le 'ngoe feela ho LTE-1800 MHz ho kena-kenana le likarabo tsa neuronal tsa cortical neurons ho susumetsa maikutlo.Ho lumellana le likarolo tse fetileng tsa liphello tsa pontšo ea GSM, liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore liphello tsa pontšo ea LTE mosebetsing oa neuronal li fapana ho ea ka boemo ba bophelo bo botle. e fetotsoe ts'ebetso ea cortical ea ts'usumetso ea kutlo.
Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa matsatsing a 55 ho tloha bokong ba cerebral cortex ea litoeba tse 31 tsa banna ba Wistar ba baholo tse fumanoeng ka laboratoring ea Janvier. Likhoto li ne li behiloe sebakeng sa mongobo (50-55%) le mocheso (22-24 ° C) o nang le potoloho e khanyang / e lefifi ea 12 h / 12 h (mabone a 30 a mahala ho metsi) a etsoa ka 7 h (mabone a 30 a mahala) ka 7 hoseng. ho latela litataiso tse thehiloeng ke Lekhotla la European Communities Directive (2010/63/EU Council Directive), tse tšoanang le tse hlalositsoeng ho Society for Neuroscience Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research.Protocol ena e ile ea amoheloa ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro Paris-Sud le Center (CEEA N ° 59, Project 2014-2020 National Protocols). komiti ena 32-2011 le 34-2012.
Liphoofolo li ne li tloaetse ho ea likamoreng tsa likolone bonyane beke ea 1 pele ho kalafo ea LPS le ho pepeseha (kapa ho pepeseha ha sham) ho LTE-EMF.
Likhoto tse mashome a mabeli a metso e 'meli li ne li kenngoa ka intraperitoneally (ip) le E. coli LPS (250 µg / kg, serotype 0127: B8, SIGMA) e hlapollotsoeng ka saline e sa hloekang ea endotoxin ea isotonic lihora tse 24 pele ho LTE kapa ho pepeseha sham (n ka sehlopha). =. transcripts encoding the NOX2 enzyme le interleukin 1ß, ka ho latellana.Nakong ena ea nako ea 24-h, cortical microglia e bonts'a mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa "dense" cell morphology e lebeletsoeng ke LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory activation of cell (Figure 1), e fapaneng le ts'ebetso e hlahisitsoeng ke LPS ke ba bang. Ts'ebetso ea mehala ea pro-inflammatory e lumellana le 24, 61.
Ho pepeseha ha hlooho feela ho LTE EMF ho ile ha etsoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea liteko e neng e sebelisoa pele ho hlahloba phello ea GSM EMF26.LTE ho pepeseha ho ile ha etsoa lihora tse 24 ka mor'a ho kenngoa ha LPS (liphoofolo tsa 11) kapa ho se na phekolo ea LPS (liphoofolo tse 5) . ho pepeseha ho thibela ho sisinyeha le ho etsa bonnete ba hore hlooho ea phoofolo e ne e le ka har'a loop antenna e ntšang letšoao la LTE Sebaka se Reproducible ka tlase.Halofo ea likhoto tse tsoang ka cage e le 'ngoe e ne e sebelisoa e le taolo (liphoofolo tse 11 tse pepesitsoeng sham, ho tsoa ho likhoto tsa 22 tse entsoeng pele ho LPS): li ne li behoa tlas'a antenna ea loop le matla a LTE. 0.558, tlhahlobo ea t-test, ns) Liphoofolo tsohle tse nang le li-anesthetized li ne li behoa holim'a mochini o futhumatsang o se nang tšepe ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele oa bona ho pota 37 ° C nakong eohle ea teko.Joaloka litekong tse fetileng, nako ea ho pepeseha e ne e behiloe lihora tsa 2. Ka mor'a ho pepeseha, beha phoofolo holim'a mocheso o mong oa ho futhumatsa ka kamoreng ea ts'ebetso. The same exposure ea LPS untres0 e ne e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho pepeseha ha LPS (1). sham-e pepesitsoe ho tswa ho lesaka le le leng (p = 0.694).
Sistimi ea ho pepeseha e ne e ts'oana le lits'ebetso tsa 25, 62 tse hlalositsoeng lithutong tse fetileng, ka jenereithara ea maqhubu a seea-le-moea e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ho hlahisa LTE sebakeng sa masimo a motlakase a GSM. (ZHL-4W-422+, Mini-Circuits, USA), circulator (D3 1719-N, Sodhy, France), banyalani ba babeli (CD D 1824-2, - 30 dB, Sodhy, France) le karohano ea matla a litsela tse 'nè (DC D 0922-0922-4A , France Expose power meter Sod 4N, France) (N1921A, Agilent, USA) e hokahantsoeng le bidirectional coupler e lumelletse ho lekanya ho tsoelang pele le ho beha leihlo ketsahalo le matla a bonahatsoang ka har'a sesebelisoa. Phatlalatso ka 'ngoe e ne e hokahantsoe le antenna ea lupu (Sama-Sistemi srl; Roma), e nolofalletsang ho pepeseha ha karolo ea hlooho ea phoofolo.Loop antenna e na le li-circuits tse peli tse hatisitsoeng.6 E ngotsoe holim'a insulating epoxy substrate.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sesebelisoa se na le terata e bophara ba 1 mm e etsang lesale le behiloeng haufi le hlooho ea phoofolo.Joaloka liphuputsong tse fetileng26,62, tekanyo e khethehileng ea ho monya (SAR) e ile ea khethoa ka lipalo ho sebelisa mohlala oa rat ea lipalo le sebaka se lekanyelitsoeng sa nako ea phapang (FDTD4yrat) ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng653. Tabeng ena, SAR ho W/kg e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo: SAR = C ΔT / Δt, moo C e leng matla a mocheso ho J/(kg K), ΔT, °K le Δt Ho fetoha ha mocheso, nako ka metsotsoana. Phapano lipakeng tsa litekanyo tsa linomoro tsa SAR le boleng ba SAR bo fumanoeng ka liteko e ka tlase ho 30%.
Setšoantšo sa 2a se bontša kabo ea SAR bokong ba rat ka mokhoa oa rat, o lumellanang le kabo ea boima ba 'mele le boholo ba likhoto tse sebelisoang thutong ea rona.Brain e bolela hore SAR e ne e le 0.37 ± 0.23 W / kg (e bolelang ± SD) . Litekanyetso tsa SAR li phahameng ka ho fetisisa sebakeng sa cortical ka tlase ho loop antenna ea SAR . 0.08 W / kg (e bolela ± SD) (Setšoantšo sa 2b) . Kaha boima ba 'mele ba likhoto tse pepesehileng bo tšoana le ho fapana ha botenya ba hlooho ea hlooho ha bo na thuso, SAR ea sebele ea ACx kapa libaka tse ling tsa cortical e lebeletsoe ho tšoana haholo pakeng tsa phoofolo e' ngoe e pepesitsoeng le e 'ngoe.
Qetellong ea ho pepeseha, liphoofolo li ne li tlatsitsoe ka litekanyetso tse eketsehileng tsa ketamine (20 mg / kg, ip) le xylazine (4 mg / kg, ip) ho fihlela ho se na metsamao ea reflex e ileng ea hlokomeloa ka mor'a ho phunya mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.A anesthetic ea sebakeng seo (Xylocain 2%) e ne e kenngoa ka tlas'a letlalo ka tlas'a letlalo le tsamaiso ea temporalis ka holim'a li-afterkull. ho beha phoofolo ka har'a foreimi ea stereotaxic, craniotomy e ile ea etsoa holim'a cortex ea nakoana ea le letšehali.Joaloka thutong ea rona e fetileng66, ho qala ka matekoane a masapo a parietal le a temporal, ho bula ho ne ho e-na le 9 mm ka bophara le bophahamo ba 5 mm. The dura e ka holimo ho ACx e ne e tlosoa ka hloko tlas'a taolo ea binocular ntle le ho senya methapo ea ho qetela ea acrylic e ne e le ho senya methapo ea mali. samente bakeng sa ho lokisa atraumatic ea hlooho ea phoofolo nakong ea ho rekota.Beha foreimi ea stereotaxic e tšehetsang phoofolo ka kamoreng ea acoustic attenuation (IAC, model AC1).
Lintlha li fumanoe ho tsoa lirekotong tsa li-unit tse ngata ka har'a cortex ea mantlha ea litoeba tsa 20, ho kenyeletsoa le liphoofolo tsa 10 tse entsoeng pele ka LPS. Lirekoto tsa Extracellular li ile tsa fumanoa ho tsoa ho mefuta e mengata ea li-electrode tsa 16 tungsten (TDT, ø: 33 µm, <1 MΩ) e nang le mela e 'meli ea li-electrodes tsa 80000mµm pakeng tsa 160 µmµm. li-electrode ka tatellano e tšoanang) terata ea silevera (ø: 300 µm) bakeng sa ho theola fatše e ile ea kenngoa pakeng tsa lesapo la nakoana le contralateral dura. Sebaka se hakantsoeng sa ACx ea mantlha ke 4-7 mm ka morao ho bregma le 3 mm ventral ho suture ea supratemporal. Letšoao le tala le ne le eketsoa ka makhetlo a mangata ka makhetlo a 10, ka nako eo Td e matlafatsoa ka makhetlo a 10, 'me ka nako eo, Td e matlafatsoa ka makhetlo a 10. data acquisition system (RX5, TDT) . Lipontšo tse bokelitsoeng ho electrode e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li ne li tlhotliloeng (610-10,000 Hz) ho ntša mesebetsi e mengata ea li-unit (MUA) . Litekanyetso tsa Trigger li ne li behiloe ka hloko bakeng sa electrode e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (ka li-coauthors tse foufalitsoeng ho pepeseha kapa li-sham-exposed states) ho khetha bokhoni bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba ketso ho tloha ho pontšo. e ne e e-na le bokhoni ba liketso tse hlahisoang ke li-neurons tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6 haufi le li-electrode. Qalong ea teko e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, re behile boemo ba sebaka sa li-electrode e le hore mela e 'meli ea li-electrode tse robeli e khone ho etsa mohlala oa li-neurons, ho tloha tlaase ho ea ho likarabo tse phahameng tsa maqhubu ha li etsoa ka mokhoa oa rostral.
Maqhubu a acoustic a ile a hlahisoa Matlab, a fetisetsoa ho RP2.1 based sound delivery system (TDT) 'me a romelloa ho Fostex leudspeaker (FE87E) .Sebuela-hole se ne se behiloe 2 cm ho tloha tsebeng e ka letsohong le letona la rat, moo sebuela-hole se hlahisang leqhubu la maqhubu a bataletseng (± 360H) pakeng tsa ± 360 d. kHz. Tekanyo ea sebuela-hōle e entsoe ka lerata le melumo e hloekileng e rekotiloeng ka maekrofounu ea Bruel le Kjaer 4133 e kopantsoeng le preamplifier B&K 2169 le sehatisi sa dijithale Marantz PMD671. The Spectral Time Receptive Field (STRF) e ne e ikemiselitse ho sebelisa 97 gamma-tone 4 oh86 frequencies, covering 4 kH 860 kH. ka tatellano e sa reroang ho 75 dB SPL ho 4.15 Hz. Sebaka sa Karabelo ea Maqhubu (FRA) se ikemiselitse ho sebelisa sete e tšoanang ea lithane le ho hlahisoa ka tatellano e sa reroang ho 2 Hz ho tloha ho 75 ho ea ho 5 dB SPL. Leqhubu le leng le le leng le hlahisoa ka makhetlo a robeli ka matla a mang le a mang.
Likarabo ho tšusumetso ea tlhaho le tsona li ile tsa hlahlojoa.Lithutong tse fetileng, re hlokometse hore mantsoe a likhoto a ne a atisa ho fana ka likarabo tse matla ho ACx, ho sa tsotellehe neuronal optimal frequency (BF), athe xenograft-specific (mohlala, lipina tsa lipina kapa li-guinea pig) hangata (mololi o sebelisitsoeng ho 36 o ne o amana le 1 s ea tšusumetso, e hlahisitsoeng ka makhetlo a 25).
Re ka boela ra etsa likarolo tsa rf passive ho latela litlhoko tsa hau. U ka kenya leqephe la ho itlhophisa ho fana ka lintlha tseo u li hlokang.
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